CSS Pseudo-elements
CSS pseudo-elements are used to add special effects to some selectors.
Syntax
The syntax of pseudo-elements:
selector:pseudo-element {property:value;}
CSS classes can also be used with pseudo-elements:
selector.class:pseudo-element {property:value;}
The :first-line Pseudo-element
The “first-line” pseudo-element is used to add a special style to the first line of a text.
In the following example the browser formats the first line of text in a p element according to the style in the “first-line” pseudo-element (where the browser breaks the line, depends on the size of the browser window):
p:first-line
{
color:#ff0000;
font-variant:small-caps;
}
Note: The “first-line” pseudo-element can only be used with block-level elements.
Note: The following properties apply to the “first-line” pseudo-element:
- font properties
- color properties
- background properties
- word-spacing
- letter-spacing
- text-decoration
- vertical-align
- text-transform
- line-height
- clear
The :first-letter Pseudo-element
The “first-letter” pseudo-element is used to add a special style to the first letter of a text:
p:first-letter
{
color:#ff0000;
font-size:xx-large;
}
Multiple Pseudo-elements
Several pseudo-elements can also be combined.
In the following example, the first letter of a paragraph will be red, in an xx-large font size. The rest of the first line will be blue, and in small-caps. The rest of the paragraph will be the default font size and color:
CSS – The :before Pseudo-element
The “:before” pseudo-element can be used to insert some content before the content of an element.
The following example inserts an image before each <h1> element:
CSS – The :after Pseudo-element
The “:after” pseudo-element can be used to insert some content after the content of an element.
The following example inserts an image after each <h1> element:
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